自由鍛造所用的工具簡單，加工方法通用性強，生產(chǎn)準備周期短，因而應(yīng)用較為廣泛。自由鍛分為手工鍛造和機器鍛造兩種。手工鍛造只能生產(chǎn)小型鍛件，生產(chǎn)率也較低。

The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine  Manual forging can only produce small forgings, and the productivity is low.

鋁合金鍛件的生產(chǎn)可在多種鍛造設(shè)備上進行。鍛錘可用于開式模鍛和閉式模鍛，其生產(chǎn)費用較低，鍛打時需要控制好錘頭的高度、打擊力量和速度，因為在急劇變形過程中鋁合金對應(yīng)變速率敏感并具有放熱性。低塑性拔長時，應(yīng)注意選擇合適的送進比，送進比太小時，變形集中在上下部，中心都鍛不透，并沿軸向產(chǎn)生拉鍛造應(yīng)關(guān)于鍛件的一些基本知識力，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部橫向裂紋產(chǎn)生。機械壓力機和螺旋壓力機都廣泛用于鋁合金閉式模鍛，適宜于生產(chǎn)中等尺寸、大體積和形狀適度的鋁鍛件。

The production aluminum alloy forgings can be carried out on a variety of forging equipment. Hammer can be used for open die forging and closed die forging, the production cost is low, when the need to  the forging hammer height, strike force and speed, because of the sharp deformation in the process  Alloy strain rate sensitive and exothermic. Mechanical press and screw press are widely used in aluminum alloy closed die forging, which is suitable for the production of medium size, large volume and moderate shape  aluminum forgings.

隨著電動機的發(fā)明，十九世紀末出現(xiàn)了以電為動力的機械壓力機和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。第二次以來，七十五萬千牛的模鍛水壓機、一千五百千焦的對六萬千牛的板料沖壓壓力機、十六萬千牛的熱模鍛壓力機等重型鍛壓機械，和一些自動冷鐓機相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機械體系。指用簡單的通用性工具，或在鍛造設(shè)備的上、下砧鐵之間直接對坯料施加外力,使坯料產(chǎn)生變形而獲得所需的幾何形狀及內(nèi)部質(zhì)量的鍛件的加工方法。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

自由鍛造的設(shè)備分為鍛錘和液壓機兩大類。生產(chǎn)中使用的鍛錘有空氣錘和蒸汽-空氣錘，有些廠還使用結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，投資少的彈簧錘、夾板錘、杠桿錘和鋼絲錘等。

The equipment of free forging can be divided into two categories: forging hammer and hydraulic press. The forging hammers used in production are air hammer and steam-air hammer. Some factories also use spring hammer, splint hammer, lever hammer and steel wire hammer with simple structure and low investment.