隨著電動機(jī)的發(fā)明，十九世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了以電為動力的機(jī)械壓力機(jī)和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。第二次以來，七十五萬千牛的模鍛水壓機(jī)、一千五百千焦的對六萬千牛的板料沖壓壓力機(jī)、十六萬千牛的熱模鍛壓力機(jī)等重型鍛壓機(jī)械，和一些自動冷鐓機(jī)相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機(jī)械體系。Everytechnicianisnotallowedtobecarelessandsticktotheir。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

基本工序：自由鍛造時，鍛件的形狀是通過一些基本變形工序?qū)⑴髁现鸩藉懗傻摹Ｗ杂慑懺斓幕竟ば蛴戌叴?、拔長、沖孔、彎曲和切斷等。

The basic process is: free forging, the shape of forging is gradually formed by some basic deformation processes. The basic process of free forging is upsetting, drawing, punching, bending and cutting.

自由鍛造是靠人工操作來控制鍛件的形狀和尺寸的，所以鍛件精度低，加工余量大，勞動強(qiáng)度大，生產(chǎn)率也不高，因此它主要應(yīng)用于單件、小批量生產(chǎn)。

Free forging is by manual operation to the shape and size of the forgings, so the precision of the forgings is low, the processing allowance is large, the labor intensity is big, and the productivity is not high. Therefore, it is mainly used in single piece and small batch production.

在芯棒上拔長。鍛造時，先芯棒插入沖好孔的坯料中，然后當(dāng)作實心坯料進(jìn)行拔長。拔長時，一般不是一次拔成，先將坯料拔成六角形，鍛到所需長度后，再倒角滾圓，取出芯棒。為便于取出芯棒，芯棒 的工作部分應(yīng)有1：100 左右的斜度。

Pull on the mandrel. When forging, insert the mandrel into the billet of the hole and then pull it out as a solid billet. When drawing, it is not usually drawn at one time. First, the blank is drawn into a hexagonal shape, forged to the required length, then chamfered and rounded, and the mandrel is removed. To facilitate the removal of the mandrel, the working part of the mandrel should have a slope of about 1:100.