鍛件是金屬被施加壓力，通過塑性變形塑造要求的形狀或合適的壓縮力的物件。這種力量典型的通過使用鐵錘或壓力來實現(xiàn)。鍛件過程建造了精致的顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)，并改進(jìn)了金屬的物理屬性。

A forged piece is an object that is applied to the metal by pressure to shape the required shape or the appropriate compression force by plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The process of forging has built a fine particle structure and improved the physical properties of the metal.

隨著電動機的發(fā)明，十九世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了以電為動力的機械壓力機和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。二十世紀(jì)60年代以后，鍛造機械改變了從19世紀(jì)開始的，向重型和大型方向發(fā)展的趨勢，轉(zhuǎn)而向高速、高效、自動、精密、專用、多品種生產(chǎn)等方向發(fā)展。第二次以來，七十五萬千牛的模鍛水壓機、一千五百千焦的對六萬千牛的板料沖壓壓力機、十六萬千牛的熱模鍛壓力機等重型鍛壓機械，和一些自動冷鐓機相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機械體系。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

自由鍛造所用工具和設(shè)備簡單，通用性好，成本低。 同鑄造毛坯相比，自由鍛消除了縮孔、 縮松、氣孔等缺陷，使毛坯具有更高的力學(xué)性能。鍛件形狀簡單，操作靈活。

Free forging tools and equipment are simple, versatility and low cost. Compared with the casting blank, the free forging eliminates the defects such as shrinkage porosity, porosity, porosity and so on, so that the blank has higher mechanical properties. The shape of the forgings is simple and the operation is flexible.